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The Kogălniceanu, Kogălniceanul or Cogâlniceanu family ((:koɡəlniˈt͡ʃe̯anu); (ルーマニア語、モルドバ語():Familia Kogălniceanu), ''Kogălniceni'' or ''Kogălnicenii''; Francized ''de Kogalnitchan'')〔Djuvara, p.129〕 was one of the major political, intellectual and aristocratic families in Moldavia, with branches in modern Romania. Originally Bessarabian peasants, the first Kogălniceanus accumulated wealth and, as owners of the Scrivulenii (Râpile) estate, climbed into the boyar elite. They were also important as skilled members of the Moldavian bureaucracy, and, through brothers Constantin and Enache, also made contributions to 18th-century Romanian literature. Their work was matched an surpassed three generations later by possibly the most famous member of the family, historian and statesman Mihail Kogălniceanu, one of the founders of modern Romania and of Romanian liberalism. Some of the 20th-century Kogălniceanus were politically significant, supporting either the Conservative or People's Parties. Among the latter category, Mihail's son Vasile Kogălniceanu is chiefly remembered for his activism in support of land reform. A generation later, the Kogălniceanu male line had almost died out, but, through the female descendants, the family had become related to other important political (formerly boyar) clans: the Sturdzas, the Ghicas etc. ==Origins== The Kogălniceanus' ancestral home was in the Moldavian subregion of Bessarabia, more specifically in Lăpuşna County, on the shores of the eponymous Cogalnic (Kogâlnic) River.〔 Ion Mitican, ("Romantica poveste a 'Casei cu absidă' (I)" ), in ''Ziarul de Iaşi'', November 18, 2010〕〔Gorovei, p.6〕 As noted by author Neagu Djuvara, they were one of the few local families to make use of the suffix ''-eanu'', traditional among the boyar clans of neighboring Wallachia, but virtually replaced by common unsuffixed family names among Moldavian notabilities.〔Djuvara, p.127-128〕 During the 19th century, the Kogălniceanus had a seal or crest which showed a flower, a sword and a comital crown.〔Cândea, p.164〕 According to Mihail Kogălniceanu, the first attested member of the family, and the first bearer of the name, was Ioan. He is described as a yeoman (''răzeş''), who had acquired property in Bujor and Călmăţui villages.〔 Probably elevated to minor boyardom, Ioan earned his living as a scribe (''diac''), and purchased land in Moldavia-proper.〔 This property, located in Fălciu County, was extended by Ioan's son, Vasile. In 1666, he purchased Scrivulenii hamlet, the family's fief (''ocină''), place of rest, and preferred burial ground during some 200 years.〔Gorovei, p.6, 7〕 Vasile Kogălniceanu's sons split the clan into three separate branches: Iachim's descendants fell back into yeomanry, while Sandu's accumulated wealth.〔 Sandu himself was well integrated into the gentry, abandoning his office of scribe and rising to the rank of Captain in Moldavia's standing army.〔 Vasile (d. 1750), who was also a Captain, moved to the Moldavian capital city of Iaşi, after marrying a local, and joined the staff of Moldavian Princes.〔Gorovei, p.7〕 His wife's dowry included a manor, opposite from Bârnova Monastery, where the family was residing around 1730.〔〔 In autumn 1739, following the devastating Russo-Austrian-Turkish War, returning Prince Grigore II Ghica rented the Kogălniceanu home, which served as both his temporary court and the quarters of his administration.〔〔 When Vasile complained about this burden, Ghica agreed to move out, and granted the Kogălniceanus a solemn writ: "forevermore may these houses be protected and defended and may this man and his prodigy inhabit them in peace, neither shaken nor disturbed by anyone."〔 Vasile's interest was always centered on Iaşi, for which reason Scrivulenii remained deserted and was partly occupied by squatters.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kogălniceanu family」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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